Objective:
The discovery of a large family of MHC-I-related genes, termed UT, that are only found in non-eutherians (marsupials and monotremes) (1, 2) has spurred research into understanding their function. The UT genes exhibit low polymorphism and homology modelling studies suggested that they may function as MHC-I-like molecules by presenting non-peptide antigens similarly to MR1 and CD1 molecules in humans. However, the overall architecture of the UT molecules as well as their presented ligands are yet to be discovered.
Methods:
Using a mammalian expression system, members of the Monodelphis domestica, and Sarcophilus harisii UT family were recombinantly expressed. Using mass spectrometry and X-ray crystallography approaches, the molecular basis of ligand presentation by the UT molecules was established.
Results:
The high-resolution crystal structure of the Monodelphis domestica UT5 and Sarcophilus harisii UT25 revealed the presence of a putative endogenously bound ligand that exhibits the molecular features of a amphipathic lipid.
Conclusions:
Our study provides molecular insight into the evolutionary ancestry mammal of an important class of immune receptor and the ligands that can be presented by UT molecules.
References:
2. Krasnec KV, Papenfuss AT, Miller RD. The UT family of MHC class I loci unique to non-eutherian mammals has limited polymorphism and tissue specific patterns of expression in the opossum. BMC Immunol 17, 43 (2016).